Representative studies about Ca2+ channels/pumps/uniporters in cancer metastasis
| Channels/Pumps/Uniporters | Alteration | Events/Mechanisms | Cancer type | Reference | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| VGCC | Cav1.2 | - | CRC | [143] | |
| Cav1.3 | - | Breast cancer, endometrial carcinoma | [144, 145] | ||
| Cav2.2 | EMT | Breast cancer | [146] | ||
| Cav3.1/3.2 | - | - | Glioblastoma, RAFV600E melanoma | [147, 148] | |
| CRAC | - | - | Upregulation of MFAP5 derived from CAFs increases SOCE in cancer cells | Ovarian cancer | [149] |
| Orai1 | Focal adhesion turnover, invadopodium formation, EMT and extracellular matrix degradation | Glioma, melanoma and breast cancer | [13, 150–153] | ||
| Orai2 | Focal adhesion disassembly | GC | [154] | ||
| Orai3 | - | Neuroendocrine-to-mesenchymal transition | Gastro-enteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumor | [151] | |
| STIM1 | Focal adhesion turnover and invadopodium formation | Melanoma, gastric and breast cancer | [13, 153, 155] | ||
| STIM2 | EMT | Breast cancer | [8] | ||
| MS4A12 | - | Colon cancer | [156] | ||
| TRP channel | TRPC1 | EMT | Breast cancer | [157] | |
| TRPC3 | - | Melanoma | [158] | ||
| TRPC4 | - | - | Medulloblastoma | [159] | |
| TRPC5 | EMT | Colon cancer | [160] | ||
| TRPC6 | EMT | Breast and gastric cancer | [161–163] | ||
| TRPM2 | - | EMT | Gastric cancer | [164] | |
| TRPM3 | EMT | Renal cell carcinoma | [165] | ||
| TRMP4 | EMT | Prostate cancer | [166, 167] | ||
| TRPM5 | - | MMP9 | Melanoma | [168] | |
| TRPM7 | EMT | Nasopharyngeal carcinoma, ovarian and breast cancer | [169–171] | ||
| TRPM8 | EMT | Colon cancer | [172] | ||
| TRPML1 | - | Lysosomal exocytosis | Hepatocellular carcinoma | [173] | |
| TRPP2 | EMT | Laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma | [174] | ||
| TRPV1 | Peritoneal dissemination | GC | [175] | ||
| TRPV2 | - | Prostate and esophageal cancer | [176] | ||
| TRPV4 | Matrix stiffness and EMT | Endometrial and breast cancer | [177, 178] | ||
| Tumor vessel integrity | Prostate cancer | [179] | |||
| TRPV5 | - | Renal cell carcinoma | [180] | ||
| TRPV6 | - | Prostate cancer | [181] | ||
| ATP dependent pumps | PMCA4 | EMT | GC | [182] | |
| SERCA | - | Focal adhesions | Glioblastoma | [183] | |
| SERCA2 | - | Colorectal cancer | [184] | ||
| SERCA3 | - | Colorectal adenoma-adenocarcinoma | [185] | ||
| P2X7 | EMT and formation of filopodia | Melanoma and colon cancer | [186–188] | ||
| P2Y | - | - | Colon cancer | [187] | |
| P2Y2 | - | EMT | Prostate cancer | [189, 190] | |
| P2Y6 | - | Filopodia and focal adhesions | Lung cancer | [191] | |
| P2Y12 | - | Positive regulation of Akt in platelets | - | [192] | |
| MCU complex | EMRE | - | TNBC | [193] | |
| MCU | ROS, MVD, tube formation and sprouting capacity | Hepatocellular carcinoma and TNBC | [194–196] | ||
| MCUb | ROS | TNBC | [196] | ||
| MICU1 | ROS | TNBC | [193] | ||
| ROS | Hepatocellular carcinoma | [194] | |||
| MICU2 | ROS | TNBC | [193] | ||
| MCUR1 | EMT | HCC | [197] | ||
| TPCs | Tpc2 | EMT | Melanoma | [198] | |
| IP3R | IP3R-3 | - | Colorectal cancer | [199] | |
| RyR | RyR2 | - | Thyroid carcinoma | [200] | |
↑: indicates increased; ↓: indicates decreased; -: indicates not availab; VGCC: voltage-gated Ca2+ channel; MFAP5: microfibrillar-associated protein 5; SOCE: store-operated Ca2+ entry; STIM: stromal interaction molecule; TRP: transient receptor potential; TRPC: TRP canonical; TRPM: TRP melastatin; TRPML1: Mucolipin TRP channel 1; TRPP2: TRP polycystin 2; TRPV: TRP vanilloid; PMCA: plasma membrane Ca2+ ATPase; GC: gastric cancer; SERCA: (Sarco)-ER Ca2+ ATPase; MCU: mitochondrial calcium uniporter; EMRE: essential MCU regulator; MCUb: MCU dominant negative beta subunit; MICU: mitochondrial calcium uptake; MCUR1: MCU regulator 1; TPC: two-pore channel; IP3R: inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor; RyR: ryanodine receptor; MVD: microvessel density