A brief description of the principal studies describing factors associated with all-cause mortality in this review
| Factors associated with mortality | Evidence | Main finding | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| Serum TT | Holmboe et al. (MONICA10 study) | Lower (< 10th percentile) serum TT was associated with higher mortality | [9] |
| Pye et al. (EMAS) | Serum TT < 8 nmol/L & ≥ 3 symptoms was associated with higher mortality | [6] | |
| Araujo et al. (systematic review/meta-analysis) | Lowest tertile of serum TT was associated with higher mortality | [10] | |
| Muraleedharan et al. | Serum TT < 10.4 nmol/L in men with T2DM demonstrated higher mortality | [11] | |
| Hackett et al. (BLAST screened cohort) | Serum ≤ 12.0 nmol/L or FT ≤ 0.25 nmol/L in men with T2DM associated with higher mortality | [12, 13] | |
| TTh | Vigen et al. | Increased mortality, myocardial infarction and strokes in men (and 100 women) on TTh | [14] |
| Finkle et al. | Mortality was higher 3 months post-TTh compared to 12 months pre-TTh | [15] | |
| Basaria et al. (TOM trial) | Twenty-three men on TTh developed CVD related adverse events compared to 5 men on placebo | [16] | |
| Shores et al. | TTh in men with serum TT ≤ 8.7 nmol/L was associated with lower mortality | [20] | |
| Muraleedharan et al. | TTh in men with serum TT ≤ 8.7 nmol/L was associated with lower mortality | [11] | |
| Hackett et al. (BLAST screened cohort) | TTh in men with serum ≤ 12.0 nmol/L or FT ≤ 0.25 nmol/L and T2DM was associated with lower mortality | [12] | |
| Haider et al. | TTh in men with serum ≤ 12.0 nmol/L and T2DM was associated with lower mortality | [21] | |
| Hudson et al. (systematic review/meta-analysis) | TTh not associated with change in mortality risk compared to placebo over a mean follow-up of 9.5 months | [22] | |
| PDE5 inhibitors | Hackett et al. (BLAST screened cohort) | PDE5 inhibitor treatment in men with T2DM was associated with lower mortality | [12, 13] |
| Andersson et al. | PDE5 inhibitors in men with ED post first myocardial infarction was associated with lower mortality | [18] | |
| Anderson et al. | PDE5 inhibitor use was associated with lower mortality | [19] | |
| Kloner et al. | PDE5 inhibitor use in men with T2DM was associated with lower mortality | [53] | |
| SHBG | Tint et al. | Higher SHBG levels were associated with increased mortality | [34] |
| Ramachandran et al. (BLAST screened cohort) | Higher SHBG levels were associated with increased mortality | [35] | |
| HCT | Gagnon et al. | High HCT was associated with increased mortality | [40] |
| Boffetta et al. | Possible ‘U’ shaped relationship between HCT and mortality in men and women | [41] | |
| Locatelli et al. | Increase in HCT following erythropoietin therapy was associated with lower mortality | [42] | |
| Strange et al. | Lower mortality was seen in men with HCT between 50–52% following TTh compared to me with HCT ≤ 49% | [45] | |
| Ory et al. | HCT > 52% was associated with increased CVD and no significant increase in mortality | [46] | |
| ED | Dong et al. (meta-analysis) | ED was associated with CVD and all-cause mortality | [52] |
| CAG repeats | Heald et al. (EMAS) | A ‘U’ shaped association between CAG repeat numbers and mortality in men with serum TT < 14.2nmol/L | [89] |
BLAST: Burntwood Lichfield Atherstone Sutton Coldfield Tamworth; CVD: cardiovascular disease; ED: erectile dysfunction; EMAS: European Male Ageing Study; FT: free testosterone; HCT: haematocrit; PDE5: phosphodiesterase type 5; SHBG: sex hormone binding globulin; T2DM: type 2 diabetes; TTh: testosterone therapy