Experimental design for UAE and results obtained for TPC and antioxidant activity
| Runs* | Factors | Responses | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| X1 | X2 | X3 | X4 | Y1: TPC (mg GAE/100 g PDCF) | Y2: FRAP (mg TE/100 g PDCF) | Y3: ABTS (mg TE/100 g PDCF) | |
| 1 | 87 | 0.10 | 20 | 0.075 | 458.9 ± 7.6 a | 770.1 ± 44.3 b | 10405.3 ± 666.3 c |
| 2 | 80 | 0.04 | 30 | 0.100 | 518.1 ± 11.6 b | 652.9 ± 5.2 a | 4675.8 ± 76.3 b |
| 3 | 70 | 0.00 | 20 | 0.075 | 612.5 ± 8.7 b | 909.9 ± 41.2 c | 5613.0 ± 44.4 b |
| 4 | 70 | 0.10 | 3 | 0.075 | 672.5 ± 35.6 b | 962.5 ± 41.1 c | 4731.2 ± 666.9 b |
| 5 | 70 | 0.19 | 20 | 0.075 | 748.5 ± 4.7 c | 1219.3 ± 55.9 e | 14258.3 ± 74.3 e |
| 6 | 70 | 0.10 | 37 | 0.075 | 622.9 ± 9.2 b | 1008.5± 17.4 d | 5672.2 ± 400.0 b |
| 7 | 80 | 0.04 | 10 | 0.100 | 408.0 ± 25.0 a | 723.7 ± 40.8 b | 4362.5 ± 195.5 b |
| 8** | 70 | 0.10 | 20 | 0.075 | 564.8 ± 55.3 b | 1090.5 ± 29.0 d | 5463.1 ± 190.8 b |
| 9 | 70 | 0.10 | 20 | 0.030 | 871.2 ± 1.2 d | 1433.9 ± 1.1 g | 5020.3 ± 445.3 b |
| 10 | 80 | 0.15 | 10 | 0.050 | 554.4 ± 86.8 b | 916.4 ± 7.7 c | 3637.9 ± 394.0 a |
| 11 | 60 | 0.04 | 30 | 0.051 | 631.6 ± 79.4 b | 1163.6 ± 63.2 e | 12750.4 ± 449.8 d |
| 12 | 53 | 0.10 | 20 | 0.075 | 600.5 ± 65.4 b | 1311.9 ± 48.1 f | 13251.7 ± 665.0 d |
| 13** | 70 | 0.10 | 20 | 0.075 | 639.7 ± 10.9 b | 1167.5 ± 40.9 e | 11058.5 ± 735.2 c |
| 14 | 60 | 0.15 | 10 | 0.102 | 570.8 ± 7.0 b | 1076.5 ± 47.8 e | 11519.1 ± 266.0 c |
| 15 | 60 | 0.15 | 30 | 0.100 | 591.1 ± 59.6 b | 1096.4 ± 9.94 e | 12632.8 ± 515.7 d |
| 16 | 60 | 0.04 | 10 | 0.050 | 717.2 ± 31.3 c | 1177.4 ± 33.3 g | 13306.3 ± 46.4 d |
| 17 | 80 | 0.15 | 30 | 0.050 | 654.5 ± 70.2 b | 1052.8 ± 37.8 d | 9489.5 ± 62.2 b |
| 18 | 70 | 0.10 | 20 | 0.120 | 543.1 ± 16.6 b | 1037.6 ± 25.1 d | 12572.4 ± 220.4 d |
Y1 (TPC-UAE) = –76.3287 – 17,494.9 × X4 + 48.5288 × X1 – 27.8374 × X3 + 3,660.92 × X2 + 25,101.3 × X42 + 119.06 × X4 × X1 + 52.4201 × X4 × X3 + 6,838.17 × X4 × X2 – 0.445927 × X12 + 0.346365 × X1 × X3 – 61.5881 × X1 × X2 – 0.037622 × X32 + 16.4098 × X3 × X2 + 2,971.08 × X22 Y2 (FRAP-UAE) = 26.6855 – 16,261.8 × X4 + 51.076 × X1 + 26.8571 × X3 + 719.841 × X2 + 22,844.6 × X42 + 155.681 × X4 × X1 – 86.7275 × X4 × X3 – 1,096.76 × X4 × X2 – 0.545876 × X12 + 0.0745313 × X1 × X3 – 4.13553 × X1 × X2 – 0.742027 × X32 + 5.47602 × X3 × X2 – 152.824 × X22 Y3 (ABTS-UAE) = 169,760 – 218,631 × X4 – 3,619.56 × X1 – 352.56 × X3 – 55,341.6 × X2+ 1.68226E6 × X4 2 – 1,270.48 × X4 × X1 – 1,934.39 × X4 × X3 + 193,392 × X4 × X2 + 21.2344 × X12 + 7.00881 × X1 × X3 + 544.449 × X1 × X2 – 2.1948 × X32 + 163.818 × X3 × X2 – 332.42 × X22 | |||||||
* Derived from a Draper-Lin reduced composite design (16 random orthogonal runs and ** 2 center points). X1: ethanol concentration (%); X2: emulsifier (%); X3: extraction time (min); X4: g PDCF/mL solvent; ABTS: radical scavenging activity. In each column samples with different letters are statistically different at the level of alpha = 0.05. Equations at the bottom of the table are those of the fitted model based on the regression coefficients for the different responses