Exploration of Foods and Foodomics

Open Access

Editorial

Exploration of Foods and Foodomics: a new adventure

Alejandro Cifuentes, Elena Ibáñez

Published: March 01, 2023 Explor Foods Foodomics. 2023;1:1–4
DOI: https://doi.org/10.37349/eff.2022.00001

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Original Article

Azadirachta indica A. Juss (neem) phenolic extract inhibits human B-lymphoblastoid cells growth via cell cycle arrest, apoptosis induction, and DNA damage

Aim: As far as is known, the pharmaceutical effects of neem on human B-lymphoblastoid (TK6) cells have not been studied until now. Hence, the present study aimed to obtain neem phenolic extracts [...] Read more.

Klebson Silva Santos ... Maria Beatriz Pinto Prior Oliveira

Published: August 29, 2023 Explor Foods Foodomics. 2023;1:130–142
DOI: https://doi.org/10.37349/eff.2023.00011

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Open Access

Review

Intelligent point of care test for food safety via a smartphone

The on-site, rapid, and intelligence detection methods are the wave in food safety. Recently, intelligent point-of-care test (iPOCT) methods serve as a promising alternative for advanced monitoring [...] Read more.

Le Zhang ... Zhaowei Zhang

Published: August 30, 2023 Explor Foods Foodomics. 2023;1:143–161
DOI: https://doi.org/10.37349/eff.2023.00012

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Open Access

Original Article

Investigation the spatial distribution of polyphenols and metabolomic profiling of apple

Aim: In this study, Polyphenol and chemical profiles in core, pulp, and peel of 7 apple varieties [Fuji (FS), Qinguan (QG), Qingping (QP), Jinshuai (JS), Gala (GL), Changmiou (CMO), and Huahong ( [...] Read more.

Xuan Li ... Jinfeng Bi

Published: August 31, 2023 Explor Foods Foodomics. 2023;1:162–177
DOI: https://doi.org/10.37349/eff.2023.00013

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Review

Male obesity secondary hypogonadism: effectiveness of ketogenic diet on testicular function

Epidemiological studies have reported an association between obesity/metabolic syndrome (MetS) and male reproductive disorders. Endocrine dysfunctions, direct testicular damage, chronic low-grade in [...] Read more.

Giulia Izzo ... Mario Vitale

Published: October 29, 2023 Explor Foods Foodomics. 2023;1:178–191
DOI: https://doi.org/10.37349/eff.2023.00014
This article belongs to the special issue Ketogenic Diet as Medical Nutrition Therapy

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Review

Olive oil, fruit and leaves in diabetes mellitus type 2 treatment

The Mediterranean dietary pattern, where extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) takes the central spot, is related to longer life expectancy and lower risk of a number of non-communicable diseases, including [...] Read more.

Mario Nosić ... Ines Banjari

Published: October 29, 2023 Explor Foods Foodomics. 2023;1:192–205
DOI: https://doi.org/10.37349/eff.2023.00015
This article belongs to the special issue Natural Products in Health and Disease

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Original Article

Development of soy whey fortified orange juice beverages: their physicochemical, rheological, antioxidant, and sensory properties

Aim: Soy whey is a byproduct of tofu production and is being discarded after tofu preparation. However, soy whey is a rich source of phytochemicals, minerals, and protein. The present study was c [...] Read more.

Hilal Ahmad Punoo ... Andleeb Muzaffar

Published: October 29, 2023 Explor Foods Foodomics. 2023;1:206–220
DOI: https://doi.org/10.37349/eff.2023.00016

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Original Article

Exploring green extraction methods to obtain polyphenols from partially defatted chia (Salvia hispanica L.) flour

Aim: The extraction of polyphenols is commonly accomplished using conventional techniques such as solid-liquid and liquid-liquid extraction, which are associated with the use of high quantities o [...] Read more.

Micaela Antón ... Rafael Borneo

Published: October 31, 2023 Explor Foods Foodomics. 2023;1:221–234
DOI: https://doi.org/10.37349/eff.2023.00017
This article belongs to the special issue The food (r)evolution towards food quality/security and human nutrition

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Original Article

Phytochemical screening of Psidium guajava and Carica papaya leaves aqueous extracts cultivated in Greece and their potential as health boosters

Aim: The scope of the present study was to investigate the phytochemical profile of Psidium guajava and Carica papaya leaves aqueous extracts, from plants cultivated on Crete island in Greece. [...] Read more.

Dimitrios D. Ntakoulas ... Charalampos Proestos

Published: April 26, 2023 Explor Foods Foodomics. 2023;1:5–14
DOI: https://doi.org/10.37349/eff.2023.00002

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Review

Atlantic algae as food and their extracts

Among the species of the rich algological flora of the North Atlantic, some can be used for direct consumption in human food, although few are currently cultivated on a large scale and/or marketed f [...] Read more.

Leonel Pereira

Published: April 27, 2023 Explor Foods Foodomics. 2023;1:15–31
DOI: https://doi.org/10.37349/eff.2023.00003
This article belongs to the special issue The food (r)evolution towards food quality/security and human nutrition

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Original Article

Green subcritical water extraction of Mentha x rotundifolia leaves collected in different annuities

Aim: In this work, the development for the first time of a green and efficient method to obtain bioactive extracts from Mentha x rotundifolia leaves has been investigated. Methods: The effi [...] Read more.

María Jesús García-Sarrió ... María Luz Sanz

Published: April 27, 2023 Explor Foods Foodomics. 2023;1:32–42
DOI: https://doi.org/10.37349/eff.2023.00004

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Review

Monitoring nanomaterials in food: a critical overview, perspectives, and challenges

Nanoscience and nanotechnology have experienced a dizzying development in recent years, which undoubtedly contributes to various fields of human activity such as biotechnology, engineering, medical [...] Read more.

Natalia Villamayor ... Ángel Ríos

Published: April 27, 2023 Explor Foods Foodomics. 2023;1:43–61
DOI: https://doi.org/10.37349/eff.2023.00005

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Open Access

Original Article

Correlation distance of browning characteristic and polyphenol distribution in apple slices from 20 Chinese cultivars

Aim: The aim of this study is to investigate the polyphenol composition and distribution in the core, flesh, and peel of 20 apple varieties from China and its relation with browning characteristi [...] Read more.

Wenyue Wang ... Jinfeng Bi

Published: June 08, 2023 Explor Foods Foodomics. 2023;1:62–71
DOI: https://doi.org/10.37349/eff.2023.00006

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Original Article

Untargeted and quantitative analyses of amine and phenol compounds in Baijiu via chemical isotope labeling

Aim: The aim of this study is to comprehensively investigate the distribution of amine and phenol compounds in different flavors of Baijiu. Methods: 12C-/13C-dansyl chloride labeling was [...] Read more.

Xiaoyu Xie ... Guowang Xu

Published: June 30, 2023 Explor Foods Foodomics. 2023;1:72–82
DOI: https://doi.org/10.37349/eff.2023.00007

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Original Article

Untargeted lipidomics for evaluating fish authenticity: the case of wild-caught and farmed species of Sparus aurata

Aim: This study aims to develop sensitive and reliable analytical technologies to enable the distinction between wild-caught and farmed fish through appropriate molecular markers to protect consu [...] Read more.

Aim: This study aims to develop sensitive and reliable analytical technologies to enable the distinction between wild-caught and farmed fish through appropriate molecular markers to protect consumers from fraudulent fish labelling. Gilthead sea bream, Sparus aurata L. (S. aurata L.), is a very common fish used as foodstuff worldwide and globally produced in aquaculture in the Mediterranean basin. Wild-caught and farmed species are very different in feed and lifestyle and the quality and safety of these products strongly depend on fish growth, processing history, and storage conditions. Methods: Hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) coupled with electrospray ionization (ESI) and Fourier-transform mass spectrometry (FTMS; HILIC-ESI-FTMS) was employed to discriminate the phospholipidome profiles of fillets extracts of wild-caught from farmed gilthead sea breams. Results: The untargeted approach led to the annotation of a total of 216 phospholipids (PLs), namely 65 phosphatidylethanolamines (PEs), 27 lyso-PEs (LPEs), 61 phosphatidylcholines (PCs), 34 lyso-PCs (LPCs), and 29 sphingomyelins (SMs). Untargeted lipidomics data were investigated by principal component analysis (PCA) and K-means clustering. Lyso-PLs (LPLs) of PEs and PCs including ether-linked side chains were found as discriminating markers between the two types of fish samples. The PLs that were most responsible for distinguishing between the lipid extracts of farmed and wild S. aurata fillets were successfully characterized by tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). The analysis revealed that wild fillet lipid extracts contained some PE exhibiting ether bonds (PE P-), viz. 16:0, 18:0, 18:1, and 18:2 and polyunsaturated fatty acyl chains (i.e., 22:6 and 22:5). In farmed species, the estimated abundance ratios of fatty acyl chains 20:4/18:2 and 22:6/20:5 were 0.9 and 0.05, respectively. However, in wild-caught fish, these ratios were found to be two-fold higher and four-fold higher, respectively. Conclusions: This work demonstrates that the combination of HILIC-ESI-FTMS and chemometrics can serve as a valuable tool for evaluating fish authenticity and assessing quality concerns by monitoring specific lipid ratios.

Sara Granafei ... Tommaso R.I. Cataldi

Published: June 30, 2023 Explor Foods Foodomics. 2023;1:83–100
DOI: https://doi.org/10.37349/eff.2023.00008

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Aim: This study aims to develop sensitive and reliable analytical technologies to enable the distinction between wild-caught and farmed fish through appropriate molecular markers to protect consumers from fraudulent fish labelling. Gilthead sea bream, Sparus aurata L. (S. aurata L.), is a very common fish used as foodstuff worldwide and globally produced in aquaculture in the Mediterranean basin. Wild-caught and farmed species are very different in feed and lifestyle and the quality and safety of these products strongly depend on fish growth, processing history, and storage conditions. Methods: Hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) coupled with electrospray ionization (ESI) and Fourier-transform mass spectrometry (FTMS; HILIC-ESI-FTMS) was employed to discriminate the phospholipidome profiles of fillets extracts of wild-caught from farmed gilthead sea breams. Results: The untargeted approach led to the annotation of a total of 216 phospholipids (PLs), namely 65 phosphatidylethanolamines (PEs), 27 lyso-PEs (LPEs), 61 phosphatidylcholines (PCs), 34 lyso-PCs (LPCs), and 29 sphingomyelins (SMs). Untargeted lipidomics data were investigated by principal component analysis (PCA) and K-means clustering. Lyso-PLs (LPLs) of PEs and PCs including ether-linked side chains were found as discriminating markers between the two types of fish samples. The PLs that were most responsible for distinguishing between the lipid extracts of farmed and wild S. aurata fillets were successfully characterized by tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). The analysis revealed that wild fillet lipid extracts contained some PE exhibiting ether bonds (PE P-), viz. 16:0, 18:0, 18:1, and 18:2 and polyunsaturated fatty acyl chains (i.e., 22:6 and 22:5). In farmed species, the estimated abundance ratios of fatty acyl chains 20:4/18:2 and 22:6/20:5 were 0.9 and 0.05, respectively. However, in wild-caught fish, these ratios were found to be two-fold higher and four-fold higher, respectively. Conclusions: This work demonstrates that the combination of HILIC-ESI-FTMS and chemometrics can serve as a valuable tool for evaluating fish authenticity and assessing quality concerns by monitoring specific lipid ratios.

Open Access

Original Article

¹H NMR-based metabolomics of cacao pod husk: profile comparison of three drying treatments

Aim: The aim of this study is to apply untargeted proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) and chemometric analysis to obtain the cacao pod husk (CPH) fingerprint and evaluate the effect of deh [...] Read more.

Aim: The aim of this study is to apply untargeted proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) and chemometric analysis to obtain the cacao pod husk (CPH) fingerprint and evaluate the effect of dehydration in the CPH metabolome. Methods: Phosphate buffer extracts (pH 6.5) were obtained and measured using a one-dimension (1D) 1H NMR spectrometry. The 1D 1H NMR spectra were recorded without spinning and using the presaturation (PRESAT) pulse sequence to suppress the residual H2O signal. The 3-(trimethylsilyl) propionic-2,2,3,3-d4 acid sodium salt (TSP) was used as an internal reference. Analysis of processed data, applying an orthogonal projection on latent structure-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) model was used to highlight significant differences between the three dehydration treatments. Signal assignment of CPH metabolites was carried out based on the coupling constant, software simulation prediction, published data comparison, and metabolomics databases. Results: A total of 25 compounds were detected by 1H NMR, methylxanthines, sugars, some amino acids, fatty acids, and organic acids were found among the identified compounds. The fingerprint spectra of the three dehydration methods were clustered separately discriminating the metabolome profile of each of the dehydration treatments, finding that metabolome remarkably differed in theanine, myristic acid, fumaric acid, and aspartic acid composition. Conclusions: An untargeted metabolomics to obtain the fingerprint of CPH was successfully established. A 1H NMR spectra with a detailed signal assignment aided to identify 25 metabolites present in CPH fresh and dried by different methods. The results complement the information about CPH composition and how it is affected by the temperature used during the dehydration process. The multivariate analysis points out that freeze drying (FD) preserves the metabolites better than microwave drying (MWD) or hot air drying (HAD). FD and MWD are similar in composition maintaining most of the compounds after drying.

Demelza Nayelli Villalón-López ... Lourdes Valadez-Carmona

Published: August 23, 2023 Explor Foods Foodomics. 2023;1:101–114
DOI: https://doi.org/10.37349/eff.2023.00009

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Aim: The aim of this study is to apply untargeted proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) and chemometric analysis to obtain the cacao pod husk (CPH) fingerprint and evaluate the effect of dehydration in the CPH metabolome. Methods: Phosphate buffer extracts (pH 6.5) were obtained and measured using a one-dimension (1D) 1H NMR spectrometry. The 1D 1H NMR spectra were recorded without spinning and using the presaturation (PRESAT) pulse sequence to suppress the residual H2O signal. The 3-(trimethylsilyl) propionic-2,2,3,3-d4 acid sodium salt (TSP) was used as an internal reference. Analysis of processed data, applying an orthogonal projection on latent structure-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) model was used to highlight significant differences between the three dehydration treatments. Signal assignment of CPH metabolites was carried out based on the coupling constant, software simulation prediction, published data comparison, and metabolomics databases. Results: A total of 25 compounds were detected by 1H NMR, methylxanthines, sugars, some amino acids, fatty acids, and organic acids were found among the identified compounds. The fingerprint spectra of the three dehydration methods were clustered separately discriminating the metabolome profile of each of the dehydration treatments, finding that metabolome remarkably differed in theanine, myristic acid, fumaric acid, and aspartic acid composition. Conclusions: An untargeted metabolomics to obtain the fingerprint of CPH was successfully established. A 1H NMR spectra with a detailed signal assignment aided to identify 25 metabolites present in CPH fresh and dried by different methods. The results complement the information about CPH composition and how it is affected by the temperature used during the dehydration process. The multivariate analysis points out that freeze drying (FD) preserves the metabolites better than microwave drying (MWD) or hot air drying (HAD). FD and MWD are similar in composition maintaining most of the compounds after drying.

Open Access

Original Article

Isolation, characterization, and encapsulation of a lupeol-rich fraction obtained from the hexanic extract of Coccoloba uvifera L. leaves

Aim: This study aimed to isolate, characterize, and encapsulate a lupeol-rich fraction obtained from the hexanic extract of Coccoloba uvifera L. leaves to evaluate its potential use in nutraceuti [...] Read more.

Carla N. Cruz-Salas ... Juan A. Ragazzo-Sánchez

Published: August 28, 2023 Explor Foods Foodomics. 2023;1:115–129
DOI: https://doi.org/10.37349/eff.2023.00010
This article belongs to the special issue Natural Products in Health and Disease

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Original Article

Broccoli by-product extract as a functional ingredient: food application

Aim: Food production demand has been promoting an increase in the generation of agro-industrial waste. Food industry waste can contain compounds with added value that, if properly extracted and u [...] Read more.

Aim: Food production demand has been promoting an increase in the generation of agro-industrial waste. Food industry waste can contain compounds with added value that, if properly extracted and used, can be applied to the development of healthy foods (clean label), nutraceuticals, senior food, cosmetics, etc. The revaluation of by-products from the broccoli industry will make it possible to reduce the large volume of broccoli waste, reducing the cost of waste management and obtaining compounds of interest from them. The aim of this work is the extraction of compounds of interest by means of environmentally sustainable technologies and to characterize the freeze-dried broccoli extracts obtained in each green technology in terms of their characteristic compounds of interest and the study of antimicrobial and antioxidant capacity. Methods: The methods of extraction of compounds of interest from broccoli used in this research are environmentally sustainable technologies, using water as the extraction solvent, including aqueous extraction (AE), enzymatic extraction (EE), and ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE). After extraction, the freeze-dried broccoli extracts obtained were characterized and the antimicrobial capacity was studied with Listeria and Salmonella strains and the antioxidant capacity was studied with Saccharomyces strains, thus determining which of the techniques is most effective for obtaining a freeze-dried broccoli extract with a high concentration of bioactive compounds. Results: As a result of the research, different products have been obtained from broccoli waste by means of three green extraction techniques, obtaining products with a high concentration of bioactive compounds with antioxidant and antimicrobial capacity against strains such as Listeria and Salmonella. Conclusions: The waste generated in the broccoli industry has been revalued to obtain high added value products using environmentally sustainable techniques. Due to their high concentration of bioactive compounds, these products are effective as functional products due to their antioxidant and antimicrobial capacity.

David Q. Martínez ... Presentación García

Published: October 31, 2023 Explor Foods Foodomics. 2023;1:235–243
DOI: https://doi.org/10.37349/eff.2023.00018
This article belongs to the special issue Natural Products in Health and Disease

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Aim: Food production demand has been promoting an increase in the generation of agro-industrial waste. Food industry waste can contain compounds with added value that, if properly extracted and used, can be applied to the development of healthy foods (clean label), nutraceuticals, senior food, cosmetics, etc. The revaluation of by-products from the broccoli industry will make it possible to reduce the large volume of broccoli waste, reducing the cost of waste management and obtaining compounds of interest from them. The aim of this work is the extraction of compounds of interest by means of environmentally sustainable technologies and to characterize the freeze-dried broccoli extracts obtained in each green technology in terms of their characteristic compounds of interest and the study of antimicrobial and antioxidant capacity. Methods: The methods of extraction of compounds of interest from broccoli used in this research are environmentally sustainable technologies, using water as the extraction solvent, including aqueous extraction (AE), enzymatic extraction (EE), and ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE). After extraction, the freeze-dried broccoli extracts obtained were characterized and the antimicrobial capacity was studied with Listeria and Salmonella strains and the antioxidant capacity was studied with Saccharomyces strains, thus determining which of the techniques is most effective for obtaining a freeze-dried broccoli extract with a high concentration of bioactive compounds. Results: As a result of the research, different products have been obtained from broccoli waste by means of three green extraction techniques, obtaining products with a high concentration of bioactive compounds with antioxidant and antimicrobial capacity against strains such as Listeria and Salmonella. Conclusions: The waste generated in the broccoli industry has been revalued to obtain high added value products using environmentally sustainable techniques. Due to their high concentration of bioactive compounds, these products are effective as functional products due to their antioxidant and antimicrobial capacity.

Open Access

Review

Evaluation of the most common parameters used to describe cardiovascular risk and the influence of ketogenic and Mediterranean diet

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) stands as the leading global cause of mortality, underscoring the critical need for practical tools to assess CVD risk at an early stage. An accessible approach involves [...] Read more.

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) stands as the leading global cause of mortality, underscoring the critical need for practical tools to assess CVD risk at an early stage. An accessible approach involves the evaluation of bloodwork alongside simple anthropometric measurements. This narrative review seeks to establish the appropriateness of common parameters used in the outpatient setting in assessing the risk of developing CVD. These parameters encompass bloodwork values employed to characterize insulin resistance (IR) and dyslipidemia, as well as anthropometric measurements used to describe issues related to overweight and fat distribution. A particular emphasis is placed on understanding how Mediterranean and ketogenic diets influence these parameters. In the realm of bloodwork, findings indicate that the triglycerides (TG) to high-density lipoproteins (HDL) ratio serves as a valuable tool for assessing both IR and dyslipidemia. Less emphasis should be placed on total cholesterol and low-density lipoproteins (LDL) because the existing literature lacks consistency and fails to establish a clear, direct correlation between cholesterol levels, CVD, and mortality. On the other hand, numerous studies consistently demonstrate a direct correlation between CVD, mortality, and the levels of small-dense LDL (sdLDL), which represent the oxidized form of LDL. Regarding anthropometric parameters, the body mass index (BMI) falls short in value as it neglects to consider fat distribution and lean mass. More informative are anthropometric parameters that account for a single measure of fat mass and another for lean mass, such as the waist-height ratio (WHtR) or the waist-hip ratio (WHR). Both Mediterranean and ketogenic diets demonstrate improvements across major parameters used to evaluate CVD and mortality risk. The ketogenic diet, in particular, yields superior results in most aspects, except cholesterol levels. Further studies are recommended to refine dyslipidemia characterization and its connection to health outcomes.

Leo Karl Hanke ... Paola Molettieri

Published: December 28, 2023 Explor Foods Foodomics. 2023;1:244–257
DOI: https://doi.org/10.37349/eff.2023.00019
This article belongs to the special issue Ketogenic Diet as Medical Nutrition Therapy

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Cardiovascular disease (CVD) stands as the leading global cause of mortality, underscoring the critical need for practical tools to assess CVD risk at an early stage. An accessible approach involves the evaluation of bloodwork alongside simple anthropometric measurements. This narrative review seeks to establish the appropriateness of common parameters used in the outpatient setting in assessing the risk of developing CVD. These parameters encompass bloodwork values employed to characterize insulin resistance (IR) and dyslipidemia, as well as anthropometric measurements used to describe issues related to overweight and fat distribution. A particular emphasis is placed on understanding how Mediterranean and ketogenic diets influence these parameters. In the realm of bloodwork, findings indicate that the triglycerides (TG) to high-density lipoproteins (HDL) ratio serves as a valuable tool for assessing both IR and dyslipidemia. Less emphasis should be placed on total cholesterol and low-density lipoproteins (LDL) because the existing literature lacks consistency and fails to establish a clear, direct correlation between cholesterol levels, CVD, and mortality. On the other hand, numerous studies consistently demonstrate a direct correlation between CVD, mortality, and the levels of small-dense LDL (sdLDL), which represent the oxidized form of LDL. Regarding anthropometric parameters, the body mass index (BMI) falls short in value as it neglects to consider fat distribution and lean mass. More informative are anthropometric parameters that account for a single measure of fat mass and another for lean mass, such as the waist-height ratio (WHtR) or the waist-hip ratio (WHR). Both Mediterranean and ketogenic diets demonstrate improvements across major parameters used to evaluate CVD and mortality risk. The ketogenic diet, in particular, yields superior results in most aspects, except cholesterol levels. Further studies are recommended to refine dyslipidemia characterization and its connection to health outcomes.

Open Access

Review

Determination of neonicotinoid pesticides nitenpyram and dinotefuran by electroanalytical methods

Nitenpyram (NIT) and dinotefuran (DNF) are neonicotinoid pesticides commonly used in the production and storage of agricultural products, as well as in forests and gardens, for the purpose of protec [...] Read more.

Dilek Kul

Published: December 29, 2023 Explor Foods Foodomics. 2023;1:258–271
DOI: https://doi.org/10.37349/eff.2023.00020
This article belongs to the special issue New Generation Analytical Technologies in Food Analysis

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