Exploration of Foods and Foodomics

Table 3.

Particle size, zeta-potential, and rheological parameters for chia O/W mono and bilayer-nanoemulsions formulated with different modified sunflower lecithin (DL or HL), by two homogenization processes (high-pressure valve homogenization or microfluidics)

Sample code	D [3, 2] (µm)	Span values	Zeta-potential (mV)	Power law parameters
Sample code	D [3, 2] (µm)	Span values	Zeta-potential (mV)	n	K × 10³ (Pa.s)
H-DL	0.315 ± 0.05^d	1.317 ± 0.01^a	–11.45 ± 1.35^a	0.998 ± 0.001^b	1.360 ± 0.001^a
H-DLCh	0.229 ± 0.02^c	1.318 ± 0.03^a	+34.26 ± 1.47^d	0.956 ± 0.001^ab	4.685 ± 0.001^bc
H-HL	0.173 ± 0.02^b	8.440 ± 0.04^d	–12.14 ± 3.26^a	0.998 ± 0.001^b	1.233 ± 0.001^a
H-HLCh	0.118 ± 0.01^a	2.389 ± 0.17^c	+33.77 ± 2.69^d	0.949 ± 0.016^a	3.752 ± 0.002^b
M-DL	0.113 ± 0.04^a	11.945 ± 0.04^e	–5.95 ± 2.82^b	0.999 ± 0.002^b	1.331 ± 0.110^a
M-DLCh	0.121 ± 0.02^a	1.835 ± 0.10^b	+18.37 ± 2.88^c	0.947 ± 0.001^a	5.423 ± 0.571^cd
M-HL	0.120 ± 0.02^a	11.770 ± 0.01^e	–6.64 ± 0.90^b	0.999 ± 0.001^b	1.295 ± 0.001^a
M-HLCh	0.110 ± 0.01^a	1.114 ± 0.13^a	+19.31 ± 1.03^c	0.927 ± 0.002^a	6.374 ± 0.341^d

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Average values ± standard deviations of two replications. See Table 1 for sample code. n: flow behavior index; K: flow consistency index; a, b, c, d, e, ab, bc, cd: different letters in the same column indicate significant differences (P ≤ 0.05) between systems according to the Tukey test