Comparison of advantages and disadvantages of different novel extraction methods
| Extraction method | Advantages | Disadvantages | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| UAE | -Reduction of energy, time, and solvent consumption;-Safe, does not produce toxic compounds;-Higher penetration of solvent into cellular material and enhanced release in the medium. | -Increasing temperature by cavitation;-Mechanical forces generated by shockwaves and micro-streaming;-High power consumption;-Difficult to scale up. | [136] |
| MAE | -Reduced extraction time;-The use of fewer chemical solutions. | -The need for special equipment;-Low selectivity;-Unavoidable reaction in high temperature. | [137] |
| PEF | -Short processing time;-Increased efficiency;-Reduced energy input;-Preservation of the structure;-Higher quality of the end products. | -Dependence on the conductivity of the matrix composition;-High cost of the equipment. | [138] |
| PLE | -Faster processes;-Less volume or organic solvent;-The possibility of automation;-Higher extraction yields. | -Higher initial investment cost and maintenance. | [139] |
| HVED | -Simplicity of the HVED design;-Low power requirements reduce capital and operating costs;-It can be used to treat both solid and liquid foods. | -A large number of free radicals would be produced which leads to oxidative cell damage;-The produced radicals may also oxidize the target compounds and consequently decrease the yield. | [140] |
| EAE | -Shorter extraction time with a high percentage of oil recovery;-Simplicity of process;-Cost-effectiveness. | -Enzymes are relatively expensive for large industrial production;-Available enzymes cannot break down the plant cell walls completely;-Enzyme-assisted extraction is not always feasible to be applied on an industrial scale because enzymes’ behavior is limited by environmental conditions rigidly. | [137] |
| SFE | -Green extraction technique;-No need for organic solvent, maintain the quality of the final product;-Low operating temperatures (40°–80°C);-Very effective because of its low viscosity and high diffusivity;-Fast and high yield. | -No polar substances are extracted;-High power consumption;-The high cost of both the equipment and the supercritical fluid. | [136] |
| SWE | -Extraction solvent (water) is green, cheap, and readily available;-High selectivity (polar, moderately polar, low-polar, and non-polar compounds);-Short extraction time and high efficiency. | -Dehydration or evaporation is needed;-Thermal degradation may occur at higher temperatures. | [141] |
| HHP | -High pressure is not related to time/mass;-Does not break covalent bonds, so, the natural flavor of the products maintains. | -Food enzymes and bacterial spores are very resistant to pressure and very high pressure is required for their inactivation. | [136] |