Exploration of Foods and Foodomics

Table 1.

Literature on the association between nutrients and dietary patterns on male fertility

Nutrient	Species	Studies	Dose and duration	Conclusions	References
Dietary pattern
Mediterranean diet	Human	Cross-sectional study	2 months	A healthy dietary pattern improved the semen quality, reproductive hormone level, and testicular volume of men.	[50]
Antioxidant nutrient		Case-control study	2 years	The finding showed that adherence to antioxidant nutrients was inversely associated with asthenozoospermia.	[51]
Healthy diet		Cross-sectional study	3 years	The healthy diet intake improved the semen quality parameters.	[52]
Proteins
Soy product	Human	Prospective cohort study	2004–2014	Soy food intake was not linked with the clinical outcome of infertility.	[53]
Dietary fats
Omega-3 fatty acid	Human	Cross-sectional study	1 year	Trans fatty acids (TFA) are related to reduced fertility, whereas the omega-3 fatty acid was found protective against testicular volume.	[54]
Nut consumption	Human	Randomized control trial	14 weeks	The inclusion of nuts significantly improved the total sperm count and vitality, motility, and sperm morphology.	[55]
Carbohydrate
Low glycaemic food	Human	Cross-sectional study	2008–2013	The low glycaemic food might have a positive impact on total sperm motility, progressive motility, and normal sperm morphology.	[56]
Antioxidants
Lycopene	Human	Randomized control trial	25 mg/day for 12 weeks	The lycopene supplement improved the spermatogram and seminal oxidative stress.	[57]
Lycopene	Human	Randomized control trial	10 mg twice a day for 12 weeks	Lycopene helped to decrease the soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products (sRAGE).	[58]
Vitamin C	Human	Randomized control trial	1 gm/day for 2 months	Vitamin C supplementation improved semen agglutination and increased viability.	[59]
Vitamin C	Human	Randomized control trial	1 gm every other day for 6 months	The supplementation of vitamin C improved sperm concentration and motility.	[60]
Vitamin E	Albino Wistar rats	Randomized control trial	500 mg/kg body weight, 3 times a week for 2 weeks	The testicular damage caused by the aluminum was diminished when supplemented with vitamin E.	[61]
Vitamin E	Human	Clinical trial	200 mg/day for three months	Supplementation of vitamin E decreased malondialdehyde levels and increased fertilization rates.	[62]

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