Literature on the association between nutrients and dietary patterns on female fertility
| Nutrient | Species | Studies | Dose and duration | Conclusion | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary pattern | |||||
| Mediterranean diet | Human | Cohort study | 3 years | The Mediterranean diet was linked with 2.7 times higher achieving of clinical pregnancy and live birth. | [88] |
| Case-cohort study | 9 months | The study showed that adherence to the Mediterranean-type diet may enhance women’s fertility. | [86] | ||
| Case-cohort study | - | The Mediterranean diet and lifestyle improved fertility. | [89] | ||
| Seafood | Human | Prospective cohort study | ≤ 1 year or until pregnancy | Seafood intake was linked with a higher sexual intercourse frequency and fecundity. | [90] |
| Protein | |||||
| Dairy food | Human | Prospective cohort study | 2005–2007 | The result of the study showed that there was a link between increased dairy foods and decreased estradiol concentration, and the yogurt and cream intake with the risk of sporadic anovulation. | [91] |
| Protein type and amount | 2004–2007 | The result showed that the higher dairy protein intake of more than 5.24% of energy was linked with lower antral follicle counts and accounts for infertility treatment in women. | [92] | ||
| Dietary fats | |||||
| TFA and omega-3 fatty acid | Human | Cohort study | 2011–2013 | The result showed that higher intake of TFA and low omega-3 fatty acid intake were linked with reduced fecundity. | [93] |
| Carbohydrate | |||||
| Whole grain | Human | Prospective cohort study | 2007–2014 | The result showed the higher intake of whole grain in the pre-treatment group was associated with a higher probability of live birth among IVF women. | [94] |
| Antioxidants | |||||
| Antioxidant’s supplementation | Human | Randomized controlled trials | - | The result showed low to very low evidence that intake of antioxidants may benefit sub-fertile women but also showed no risk of miscarriage, ectopic pregnancies, and multiple births. | [95] |
| Vitamin C and β-carotene | Observational | - | The couple’s intake of vitamin C and β-carotene was positively linked to fertilization rate but did not translate into higher pregnancy. | [74] | |
| Folic acid | Prospective cohort study | 2007–2011 | Folic acid supplementation was linked with increased fecundability. | [96] | |
-: not applicable