From:  Spent coffee grounds as a sustainable coffee flavouring ingredient in muffins

Overview of attribute testing with mean scores based on 39 of the 40 persons in the test panel that replied on these parameters, and with values ranging from 1 to 5 where 1 is low in bitterness, graininess or coffee flavour

SampleBitternessGraininessCoffee flavour
Control2.41.93.0
Oven dried2.82.52.7
Vacuum dried2.73.32.4
Freeze dried2.22.42.0
P valuesP = 0.05P < 0.001P < 0.01

The P values are from a chi square test of significance comparing the numbers for muffins baked with oven dried, freeze dried and vacuum dried SCG powder, and the control with espresso powder. SCG: spent coffee grounds