Exploration of Foods and Foodomics

From: Importance of probiotics and prebiotics and their mechanism of immune action against COVID-19: a narrative review

Table 1

Key studies, characteristics, and finding detailed of results in this review

Study design	Key studies, characteristics, study population, intervention, effect of microbiota	Findings	Reference
Meta-analysis	Increased beneficial bacteria, reduced harmful bacteria Type 2 diabetes patients Various probiotic strains	Probiotics improve glycemic control and modulate gut microbiota	Tao et al. (2020) [41]
Randomized controlled trial	Increased production of SCFAs Healthy adults Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium strains	Probiotics enhance the production of beneficial SCFAs in the gut	Markowiak-Kopeć et al. (2020) [42]
Consensus statement	General improvement in gut microbiota balance N/A Various probiotic strains	Standardized definition and guidelines for probiotic use	Hill et al. (2014) [43]
Randomized controlled trial	Reduced diarrhea incidence, increased beneficial bacteria Malnourished children Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG	Probiotics reduce diarrhea incidence in malnourished children	Amadi et al. (2020) [44]
Animal study	Improved gut microbiota composition, enhanced growth Infant mice Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG	Early-life probiotics improve gut health and growth in mice	Sindhu et al. (2020) [45]
Systematic review & Meta-analysis	Improved gut microbiota diversity, reduced depressive symptoms Depression patients Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium strains	Probiotics may alleviate depressive symptoms by modulating gut microbiota	Xiao et al. (2021) [46]
Animal study	Modulated gut microbiota composition, improved metabolic health Mice on high-fat diet Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium strains	Probiotics counteract high-fat diet-induced gut microbiota changes	Tomas et al. (2020) [47]
Randomized controlled trial	Improved gut microbiota diversity, enhanced immune response Rheumatoid arthritis patients Lactobacillus casei	Probiotics improve immune response and gut health in rheumatoid arthritis	Ferro et al. (2021) [48]

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Self-elaboration with adapted data from [40]. SCFAs: short-chain fatty acids; N/A: not available