The ketogenic diet is a nutritional regimen characterized by a reduction in carbohydrates and a relative increase in protein and fat. At a biochemical level, the ketogenic diet induces a switch to ketone metabolism, causing a reduction in blood glucose and an increase in blood ketones and mitochondrial function, from this point of view is able to counteract insulin resistance and fight generalized or localized adiposity. Recent scientific studies have shown the therapeutic potential of ketogenic diets in many diseases, such as diabetes, polycystic ovary syndrome, acne, neurological diseases, cancer, and the amelioration of respiratory and cardiovascular disease risk factors. Moreover, the ketogenic diet has been identified as an effective remedy for obesity and psoriasis, with a significant reduction in inflammatory components that are possibly localized in visceral adipose tissue.

This special issue aims to increase and potentiate some results and to open new challenges for clinical application of the KD in the treatment of pathologies linked to inflammation. The encouraging results as nutritional therapy and the new insights about the mechanism of action connected to intestinal microbiota health, make it possible to suggest KD as an alternative therapy in complex diseases.

In this very wide context we encourage the submission of original research paper, reviews, and clinical and laboratory studies, that explore all these aspects. 

Keywords: ketogenic diet; insulin-resistance inflammation; obesity; microbiota