Molecular diagnostics has become an integral part of clinical oncology. There are several areas of its application, e.g., 1) Identification of subjects with hereditary cancer syndromes; 2) Molecular tests for personalization of cancer therapy; 3) Precision histological diagnosis based on subtype-specific tumor markers; 4) Determination of prognosis for cancer disease; 5) Non-invasive methods of early detection and monitoring of malignant clones. Recent invention of next generation sequencing has significantly revolutionized this field of cancer medicine. This Special Issue is devoted to recent advances in clinical cancer genetics, targeted therapy, liquid biopsy, relevant methods of DNA and RNA testing, and other related aspects of molecular medicine.

Keywords: Hereditary cancer syndromes, predictive markers, somatic mutations, liquid biopsy, next-generation sequencing (NGS)